PLOW_Current Folio_10Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission file number: 001-34728

DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		134275891
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)

7777 North 73rd Street

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53223

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(414) 354-2310

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:


Large accelerated filer ☒		Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐
		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of registrant’s common shares outstanding as of November 6, 2018 was 22,700,991.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands except share data)



	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
	(unaudited)		(unaudited)

Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	-	$	36,875
Accounts receivable, net		128,164		79,120
Inventories		89,444		71,524
Inventories - truck chassis floor plan		9,495		7,711
Refundable income taxes paid		1,476		-
Prepaid and other current assets		3,562		2,883
Total current assets		232,141		198,113
Property, plant, and equipment, net		54,298		53,962
Goodwill		241,006		241,006
Other intangible assets, net		177,545		186,150
Other long-term assets		7,750		5,945
Total assets	$	712,740	$	685,176
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	15,280	$	16,323
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		28,360		21,004
Floor plan obligations		9,495		7,711
Income taxes payable		-		2,996
Short term borrowings		38,000		-
Current portion of long-term debt		2,749		32,749
Total current liabilities		93,884		80,783
Retiree health benefit obligation		7,113		6,809
Pension obligation		2,803		9,761
Deferred income taxes		46,447		39,269
Long-term debt, less current portion		273,428		274,872
Other long-term liabilities		14,355		17,004
Stockholders’ equity:
Common Stock, par value $0.01, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 22,700,991 and 22,590,897 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		227		226
Additional paid-in capital		151,443		147,287
Retained earnings		127,032		115,737
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(3,992)		(6,572)
Total stockholders’ equity		274,710		256,678
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	712,740	$	685,176

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(In thousands, except share and per share data)



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(unaudited)				(unaudited)

Net sales	$	124,832	$	125,339	$	372,242	$	336,958
Cost of sales		89,912		89,284		261,446		238,683
Gross profit		34,920		36,055		110,796		98,275
Selling, general, and administrative expense		16,592		12,914		53,281		44,537
Intangibles amortization		2,868		2,997		8,605		8,532
Income from operations		15,460		20,144		48,910		45,206
Interest expense, net		(4,379)		(4,860)		(12,420)		(14,348)
Litigation proceeds		-		-		-		1,275
Other expense, net		(12)		(203)		(479)		(669)
Income before taxes		11,069		15,081		36,011		31,464
Income tax expense		1,148		5,754		6,802		10,668
Net income	$	9,921	$	9,327	$	29,209	$	20,796
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		22,700,991		22,590,897		22,675,450		22,571,560
Diluted		22,726,517		22,604,921		22,697,259		22,582,502
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.43	$	0.41	$	1.27	$	0.91
Diluted	$	0.43	$	0.40	$	1.26	$	0.90
Cash dividends declared and paid per share	$	0.27	$	0.24	$	0.80	$	0.72
Comprehensive income	$	10,709	$	9,396	$	31,789	$	20,590

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)



	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017
	(unaudited)

Operating activities
Net income	$	29,209	$	20,796
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		14,215		13,815
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount		911		911
Loss on disposal of fixed assets		185		-
Stock-based compensation		4,180		2,750
Provision for losses on accounts receivable		446		1,424
Deferred income taxes		7,178		4,464
Earnout liability		-		(1,186)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(47,105)		(39,519)
Inventories		(19,795)		(4,929)
Prepaid and refundable income taxes and other assets		(4,093)		(55)
Accounts payable		(872)		(2,556)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		4,360		3,069
Benefit obligations and other long-term liabilities		(6,723)		347
Net cash used in operating activities		(17,904)		(669)
Investing activities
Capital expenditures		(6,302)		(5,216)
Acquisition of business		-		(7,385)
Net cash used in investing activities		(6,302)		(12,601)
Financing activities
Shares withheld on restricted stock vesting paid for employees’ taxes		(23)		(923)
Payments of financing costs		-		(1,608)
Earnout payment		-		(5,487)
Dividends paid		(18,291)		(16,476)
Net revolver borrowings		38,000		23,000
Repayment of long-term debt		(32,355)		(2,363)
Net cash used in financing activities		(12,669)		(3,857)
Change in cash and cash equivalents		(36,875)		(17,127)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		36,875		18,609
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	-	$	1,482

Non-cash operating and financing activities
Truck chassis inventory acquired through floorplan obligations	$	30,034	$	33,271

See the accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands except share and per share data)

1.Basis of presentation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for fiscal year-end financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information, refer to the financial statements and related footnotes included in our 2017 Form 10-K (Commission File No. 001-34728) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2018.

The Company currently conducts business in two segments: Work Truck Attachments and Work Truck Solutions. Financial information regarding these segments is reported in Note 15 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Information

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 and condensed cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been prepared by the Company and have not been audited.

The Company’s Work Truck Attachments segment is seasonal and consequently its results of operations and financial condition vary from quarter-to-quarter. Because of this seasonality, the results of operations of the Work Truck Attachments segment for any quarter may not be indicative of results of operations that may be achieved for a subsequent quarter or the full year, and may not be similar to results of operations experienced in prior years. The Company attempts to manage the seasonal impact of snowfall on its revenues in part through its pre-season sales program. This pre-season sales program encourages the Company’s distributors to re-stock their inventory of Work Truck Attachments products during the second and third quarters in anticipation of the peak fourth quarter retail sales period by offering favorable pre-season pricing and payment deferral until the fourth quarter. Thus, the Company’s Work Truck Attachments segment tends to generate its greatest volume of sales during the second and third quarters. By contrast, its revenue and operating results tend to be lowest during the first quarter, as management believes the end-users of Work Truck Attachments products prefer to wait until the beginning of a snow season to purchase new equipment and as the Company’s distributors sell off Work Truck Attachments inventory and wait for the pre-season sales incentive period to re-stock inventory. Fourth quarter sales vary from year-to-year as they are primarily driven by the level, timing and location of snowfall during the quarter. This is because most of the Company’s Work Truck Attachments fourth quarter sales and shipments consist of re-orders by distributors seeking to restock inventory to meet immediate customer needs caused by snowfall during the winter months. In addition, due to the factors noted above, Work Truck Attachments working capital needs are highest in the second and third quarters as its accounts receivable rise from pre-season sales. These working capital needs decline in the fourth quarter as the Company receives payments for its pre-season shipments.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” amending revenue recognition guidance and requiring more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amended guidance, herein referred to as Topic 606, is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted Topic 606, effective January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of applying the new revenue standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the beginning of 2018. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the period presented. See Note 2 for additional information.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” The standard requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside of operating profit. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Prior periods are required to be recast. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. The impact of this standard was a reclassification of $179 and $537 of other components of net periodic benefit cost to Other expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The Company utilized a practical expedient included in the ASU which allowed the Company to use amounts previously disclosed in its pension and other postretirement benefits note for the prior period as the estimation basis for applying the required retrospective presentation requirements.

2.Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Topic 606 applying the modified retrospective method to all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. The Company recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of $378 as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting Topic 606. The implementation of the guidance had no material impact on the measurement or recognition of revenue of prior periods; however, additional disclosures have been added in accordance with the ASU.

The adoption of Topic 606 did not have a significant impact on the Work Truck Attachments segment. In the Work Truck Solutions segment, the standard changed the timing of revenue for truck upfits of customer-owned chassis from a point in time to over time. This change in timing of revenue recognition increased revenue by $16 and increased revenue by $273 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Revenue Streams

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates revenue. Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generates all of its revenue from contracts with customers. Additionally, contract amounts represent the full amount of the transaction price as agreed upon with the customer at the time of order, resulting in a single performance obligation in all cases.

Work Truck Attachments

The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of equipment to the customer. Additionally, the Company performs upfitting services within the Work Truck Attachments segment. For upfit sales, customers are billed separately for the truck chassis by the chassis manufacturer. The Company only records sales for the amount of the up-fit, excluding the truck chassis. The Company acts as a garage keeper and never takes ownership or title to the truck chassis and does not pay interest associated with the truck chassis while on its premises within the Work Truck Attachments segment.

Within the Work Truck Attachments segment, the Company offers a variety of discounts and sales incentives to its distributors. The estimated liability for sales discounts and allowances is calculated using the expected value method and recorded at the time of sale as a reduction of net sales. The liability is estimated based on the costs of the program, the planned duration of the program and historical experience.

The Work Truck Attachments segment has three revenue streams, as identified below.

Independent Dealer Sales – Revenues from sales to independent dealers are recognized when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon shipment. In these instances, each product is considered a separate performance obligation, and revenue is recognized upon shipment of the goods. Any shipping and handling activities performed by the Company after the transfer of control to the customer (e.g., when control transfers upon shipment) are considered fulfillment activities, and accordingly, the costs are accrued for when the related revenue is recognized.

State and Local Bids – The Company records revenue of separately sold snow and ice equipment upon shipment and fully upfit vehicles upon delivery. The state and local bid process does not obligate the entity to buy any products from the Company, but merely allows the entity to purchase products in the future typically for a fixed period of time. The entity commits to actually purchasing products from the Company when it issues purchase orders off of a previously awarded bid, which lists out actual quantities of equipment being ordered and the delivery terms. On upfit transactions, the Company is providing a significant service by assembling and integrating the individual products onto the customer’s truck. Each individual product and installation activity is highly interdependent and highly interrelated, and therefore the Company considers the manufacture and upfit of a truck a single performance obligation. Any shipping and handling activities performed by the Company after the transfer of control to the Customer (e.g., when control transfers upon shipment) are considered fulfillment activities, and accordingly, the costs are accrued for when the related revenue is recognized.

Parts & Accessory Sales – The Company’s equipment is used in harsh conditions and parts frequently wear out. These parts drive recurring revenues through parts and accessory sales. The process for recording parts and accessory sales is consistent with the independent dealer sales noted above.

Work Truck Solutions

The Work Truck Solutions segment primarily participates in the truck and vehicle upfitting industry in the United States. Customers are billed separately for the truck chassis by the chassis manufacturer. The Company only records sales for the amount of the upfit, excluding the truck chassis. The Company obtains the truck chassis from the truck chassis manufacturer through either its floor plan agreement with a financial institution or bailment pool agreement with the truck chassis manufacturer. Additionally, in some instances the Company upfits chassis which are owned by the end customer. For truck chassis acquired through the floor plan agreement, the Company holds title to the vehicle from the time the chassis is received by the Company until the completion of the up-fit. Under the bailment pool agreement, the Company does not take title to the truck chassis, but rather only holds the truck chassis on consignment. The Company pays interest on both of these arrangements. The Company records revenue in the same manner net of the value of the truck chassis in both the Company’s floor plan and bailment pool agreements. The Company does not set the price for the truck chassis, is not responsible for the billing of the chassis and does not have inventory risk in either the bailment pool or floor plan agreements.

Revenues from the sales of the Work Truck Solutions products are generally recognized net of the truck chassis with the selling price to the customer recorded as sales and the manufacturing and up-fit cost of the product recorded as cost of sales. In these cases, the Company acts as an agent as it does not have inventory or pricing control over the truck chassis. Within the Work Truck Solutions segment, the Company also sells certain third-party products for which it acts as an agent. These sales do not meet the criteria for gross sales recognition, and thus are recognized on a net basis at the time of sale. Under net sales recognition, the cost paid to the third-party service provider is recorded as a reduction to sales, resulting in net sales being equal to the gross profit on the transaction.

The Work Truck Solutions segment has three revenue streams, as identified below.

Fleet Upfit Sales – The Company enters contracts with certain fleet customers. Fleet agreements create enforceable rights without the issuance of a purchase order. Typically these agreements outline the terms of sale, payment terms, standard pricing, and the rights of the customer and seller. Fleet sales are performed on both customer owned vehicles as well as non-customer owned vehicles. For non-customer owned vehicles, revenue is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the truck to the customer. For customer-owned vehicles, per Topic 606, revenue is recognized over time based on a cost input method. The Company accumulates costs incurred on partially completed

customer-owned upfits based on estimated margin and completion. This change to over time recognition for customer owned vehicles increased revenue by $16 and increased revenue by $273 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Dealer Upfit Sales – The Company upfits work trucks for independent dealer customers. Dealer upfit revenue is recorded upon delivery. The customer does not own the vehicles during the upfit process, and as such revenue is recorded at a point in time upon delivery to the customer.

Over the Counter / Parts & Accessory Sales – Work Truck Solutions part and accessory sales are recorded as revenue upon shipment. Additionally, customers can purchase parts at any of the Company’s showrooms. In these instances, each product is considered a separate performance obligation, and revenue is recognized upon shipment of the goods or customer pick up.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by customer type and timing of revenue recognition, and includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with reportable segments.

Revenue by customer type was as follows:


Three Months Ended September 30, 2018	Work Truck Attachments	Work Truck Solutions	Corporate and Eliminations	Total Revenue
Independent dealer	$ 80,964	$ 18,732	$ -	$ 99,696
Government	12,568	-	-	12,568
Fleet	-	13,955	-	13,955
Other	-	2,017	(3,404)	(1,387)
Total revenue	$ 93,532	$ 34,704	$ (3,404)	$ 124,832

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018	Work Truck Attachments	Work Truck Solutions	Corporate and Eliminations	Total Revenue
Independent dealer	$ 232,934	$ 58,524	$ -	$ 291,458
Government	35,351	-	-	35,351
Fleet	-	43,501	-	43,501
Other	-	8,538	(6,606)	1,932
Total revenue	$ 268,285	$ 110,563	$ (6,606)	$ 372,242

Revenue by timing of revenue recognition was as follows:


Three Months Ended September 30, 2018	Work Truck Attachments	Work Truck Solutions	Corporate and Eliminations	Total Revenue
Point in time	$ 93,532	$ 13,601	$ (3,404)	$ 103,729
Over time	-	21,103	-	21,103
Total revenue	$ 93,532	$ 34,704	$ (3,404)	$ 124,832

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018	Work Truck Attachments	Work Truck Solutions	Corporate and Eliminations	Total Revenue
Point in time	$ 268,285	$ 42,501	$ (6,606)	$ 304,180
Over time	-	68,062	-	68,062
Total revenue	$ 268,285	$ 110,563	$ (6,606)	$ 372,242

Contract Balances

The following table shows the changes in the Company’s contract liabilities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018:


Three Months Ended September 30, 2018		Balance at Beginning of Period		Additions		Deductions		Balance at End of Period
Contract liabilities	$	3,316	$	2,434	$	(3,544)	$	2,206

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018		Balance at Beginning of Period		Additions		Deductions		Balance at End of Period
Contract liabilities	$	2,048	$	8,605	$	(8,447)	$	2,206

The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Contract assets include amounts related to our contractual right to consideration for completed performance objectives not yet invoiced. There were no contract assets as of September 30, 2018. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract, variable freight allowances which are refunded to the customer, and rebates paid to distributors under our municipal rebate program, and are realized with the associated revenue recognized under the contract. The change in the contract liabilities balance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 is driven by an increase in customer payments received in advance of performance.

The Company recognized revenue of $980 and $2,365 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, which amount was included in contract liabilities at the beginning of each period.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

Topic 606 requires that the Company disclose the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of September 30, 2018. The guidance provides certain optional exemptions that limit this requirement. The Company has various contracts that meet the following optional exemptions provided by ASC 606:

The performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

Revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of the performance obligations in the amount billable to the customer in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-18.

The variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation or to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation in accordance with ASC 606-10-25-14(b), for which the criteria in ASC 606-10-32-40 have been met.

After considering the above optional exemptions, the estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period is immaterial. Specifically, all obligations are expected to be less than one year, revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of the performance obligations and variable consideration is allocated entirely to wholly unsatisfied performance obligations.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

As allowed under Topic 606, the Company adopted the following practical expedients and exemptions:

The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been less than one year. The Company records these costs within selling, general and administrative expenses.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed.

The Company does not assess whether promised goods or services are performance obligations if they are immaterial in the context of the contract with the customer.

The Company excludes from the transaction price all sales taxes that are assessed by a governmental authority.

The Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component, as it expects at contract inception that the period between the transfer to a promised good or service to a customer and the customer’s payment for the good or service will be one year or less.

The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers as fulfillment activities instead of assessing such activities as performance obligations.

Impact of New Revenue Guidance on Financial Statement Line Items

In accordance with Topic 606, the disclosure of the impact of adoption to the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	As Reported	Balances without adoption of Topic 606	Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)	As Reported	Balances without adoption of Topic 606	Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Net sales	$ 124,832	$ 124,816	$ 16	$ 372,242	$ 371,969	$ 273
Cost of sales	89,912	89,910	2	261,446	261,276	170
Gross profit	34,920	34,906	14	110,796	110,693	103
Income from operations	15,460	15,446	14	48,910	48,807	103
Income tax expense	1,148	1,144	4	6,802	6,774	28
Net income	$ 9,921	$ 9,911	$ 10	$ 29,209	$ 29,134	$ 75
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$ 0.43	$ -	$ 0.43	$ 1.27	$ -	$ 1.27
Diluted	$ 0.43	$ -	$ 0.43	$ 1.26	$ -	$ 1.26

In accordance with Topic 606, the disclosure of the impact of adoption to the condensed consolidated balance sheet was as follows:


	As of September 30, 2018
	As Reported	Balances without adoption of Topic 606	Effect of Change Higher/(Lower)
Assets:
Accounts Receivable	$ 128,164	$ 126,052	$ 2,112
Inventory	89,444	91,148	(1,704)
Liabilities:
Deferred tax liability	46,447	46,341	106
Shareholder's Equity:
Retained Earnings	127,032	126,654	378

3.Acquisition

On May 1, 2017, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of Arrowhead Equipment, Inc. (“Arrowhead”). Total consideration was $7,385. The acquisition includes Arrowhead’s assets acquired at two up-fit locations in Albany and Queensbury, New York that are both being leased by the Company. The assets were acquired with on hand cash and short term borrowings under the Company’s Revolving Credit Agreement. The acquired assets are included in the Work Truck Solutions segment and were acquired to expand the geographical footprint of that segment. The Company incurred ($70) and $418 of transaction expenses related to this acquisition that are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which includes an accrual reversal for estimated transaction-related expenses.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price paid and the subsequent working capital adjustment to the fair value of the net assets acquired as of the acquisition date:




Accounts receivable - trade	$	852
Inventories		1,547
Prepaids and other current assets		6
Property and equipment		624
Goodwill		2,720
Intangible assets		2,700
Accounts payable and other current liabilities		(957)
Unfavorable lease		(107)
Total	$	7,385

The goodwill for the acquisition is a result of acquiring and retaining the existing workforces and expected synergies from integrating the operations into the Company. The Company will be able to deduct amortization of goodwill for income tax purposes over a fifteen-year period. The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and accordingly, the results of operations are included in the Company’s financial statements from the date of acquisition. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Arrowhead assets contributed $2,583 and $8,324 of revenues and $220 and $791 of pre-tax operating income to the Company, respectively.

4.Fair Value

Fair value is the price at which an asset could be exchanged in a current transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Fair value measurements are

categorized into one of three levels based on the lowest level of significant input used: Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets); Level 2 (observable market inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1); and Level 3 (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data).

The following table presents financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and discloses the fair value of long-term debt:



	Fair Value at		Fair Value at
	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Assets:
Other long-term assets (a)	$	5,762	$	4,840
Interest rate swaps (b)		935		-

Total Assets	$	6,697	$	4,840

Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps (b)	$	-	$	2,178
Long term debt (c)		280,860		312,384
Earnout - Henderson (d)		413		529
Earnout - Dejana (e)		3,100		3,100
Total Liabilities	$	284,373	$	318,191

(a) Included in other assets is the cash surrender value of insurance policies on various individuals that are associated with the Company. The carrying amount of these insurance policies approximates their fair value and is considered Level 2 inputs.

(b) Valuation models are calibrated to initial trade price. Subsequent valuations are based on observable inputs to the valuation model (e.g. interest rates and credit spreads). Model inputs are changed only when corroborated by market data. A credit risk adjustment is made on each swap using observable market credit spreads. Thus, inputs used to determine fair value of the interest rate swap are Level 2 inputs. Interest rate swaps of $7 and $942 at September 30, 2018 are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long-term assets, respectively. Interest rate swaps of $597 and $1,581 at December 31, 2017 are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities, respectively.

(c) The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt, including current maturities, is estimated using discounted cash flows based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements, which is a Level 2 input for all periods presented. Meanwhile, long-term debt is recorded at carrying amount, net of discount and deferred debt issuance costs, as disclosed on the face of the balance sheet.

(d) Included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long term liabilities in the amounts of $213 and $200, respectively, at September 30, 2018 is the fair value of an obligation for a portion of the potential earnout acquired in conjunction with the acquisition of Henderson Enterprise Group, Inc. (“Henderson”). Included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long term liabilities in the amounts of $111 and $442, respectively, at September 30, 2017 is the fair value of an obligation for a portion of the potential earnout acquired in conjunction with the acquisition of Henderson. Fair value is based upon Level 3 discounted cash flow analysis using key inputs of forecasted future sales as well as a growth rate reduced by the market required rate of return. See reconciliation of liability included below:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2018		2017		2017

Beginning Balance	$	444	$	529	$	580	$	636
Additions		—		—		—		—
Adjustments to fair value		—		—		—		—
Payment to former owners		(31)		(116)		(27)		(83)
Ending balance	$	413	$	413	$	553	$	553

(e) Included in Other long term liabilities in the amount of $3,100 at September 30, 2018 is the fair value of an obligation for a portion of the potential earnout incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Dejana Truck & Utility Equipment Company, Inc. and certain entities directly or indirectly owned by the Peter Paul Dejana Family Trust dated 12/31/98 (“Dejana”). Included in Other long term liabilities in the amount of $3,700 at September 30, 2017 is the fair value of an obligation for a portion of the potential earnout incurred in conjunction with the acquisition of Dejana. Fair value is based upon Level 3 inputs of a real options approach where gross sales were simulated in a risk-neutral framework using Geometric Brownian Motion, a well-accepted model of stock price behavior that is used in option pricing models such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, using key inputs of forecasted future sales and financial performance as well as a risk adjusted expected growth rate adjusted appropriately based on its correlation with the market. See reconciliation of liability included below:



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2018		2017		2017

Beginning Balance	$	3,100	$	3,100	$	4,886	$	10,373
Additions		—		—		—		—
Adjustments to fair value		—		—		(1,186)		(1,186)
Payment to former owners		—		—		—		(5,487)
Ending balance	$	3,100	$	3,100	$	3,700	$	3,700

5.Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:



	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017

Finished goods	$	43,480	$	35,547
Work-in-process		8,704		7,774
Raw material and supplies		37,260		28,203
	$	89,444	$	71,524

The inventories in the table above do not include truck chassis inventory financed through a floor plan financing agreement, which are recorded separately on the balance sheet. The Company takes title to truck chassis upon receipt of the inventory through its floor plan agreement and performs up-fitting service installations to the truck chassis inventory during the installation period. The floor plan obligation is then assumed by the dealer customer

upon delivery. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $9,495 and $7,711 of chassis inventory and related floor plan financing obligation, respectively. The Company recognizes revenue associated with up-fitting and service installations net of the truck chassis.

6.Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are summarized as follows:



	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017

Land	$	2,378	$	2,378
Land improvements		4,357		4,357
Leasehold improvements		4,080		4,183
Buildings		27,134		26,846
Machinery and equipment		48,847		44,618
Furniture and fixtures		14,470		13,681
Mobile equipment and other		4,750		4,576
Construction-in-process		4,598		4,320
Total property, plant and equipment		110,614		104,959
Less accumulated depreciation		(56,316)		(50,997)
Net property, plant and equipment	$	54,298	$	53,962

7. Other Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of the Company’s other intangible assets:


		Gross	Less		Net
		Carrying	Accumulated		Carrying
		Amount	Amortization		Amount
September 30, 2018
Indefinite-lived intangibles:
Trademark and tradenames	$	77,600	$	-	$	77,600
Amortizable intangibles:
Dealer network		80,000		58,000		22,000
Customer relationships		80,920		15,281		65,639
Patents		21,136		11,662		9,474
Noncompete agreements		8,640		7,671		969
Trademarks		5,459		3,596		1,863
Backlog		1,900		1,900		-
License		20		20		-
Amortizable intangibles, net		198,075		98,130		99,945
Total	$	275,675	$	98,130	$	177,545

		Gross	Less		Net
		Carrying	Accumulated		Carrying
		Amount	Amortization		Amount
December 31, 2017
Indefinite-lived intangibles:
Trademark and tradenames	$	77,600	$	-	$	77,600
Amortizable intangibles:
Dealer network		80,000		55,000		25,000
Customer relationships		80,920		11,304		69,616
Patents		21,136		10,721		10,415
Noncompete agreements		8,640		7,055		1,585
Trademarks		5,459		3,525		1,934
Backlog		1,900		1,900		-
License		20		20		-
Amortizable intangibles, net		198,075		89,525		108,550
Total	$	275,675	$	89,525	$	186,150

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $2,868 and $2,997 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets was $8,605 and $8,532 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2018 and each of the succeeding five years is as follows:


2018	$	2,869
2019		10,954
2020		10,932
2021		10,670
2022		10,520
2023		10,520

8.Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt is summarized below:



	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017

Term Loan, net of debt discount of $1,269 and $1,562 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	$	278,769	$	310,830
Less current maturities		2,749		32,749
Long term debt before deferred financing costs		276,020		278,081
Deferred financing costs, net		2,592		3,209
Long term debt, net	$	273,428	$	274,872

At September 30, 2018, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement of $278,769, outstanding borrowings on the Revolving Credit Agreement of $38,000, and remaining borrowing availability of $61,420. At December 31, 2017, the Company had outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement of $310,830, no outstanding borrowings on the Revolving Credit Agreement and remaining borrowing availability of $99,463.

In accordance with the senior credit facilities, the Company is required to make additional principal prepayments over the above scheduled payments under certain conditions. This includes, in the case of the term loan facility, 100% of the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales, certain insurance or condemnation events, certain debt issuances, and, within 150 days of the end of each fiscal year, 50% of consolidated excess cash flow including a deduction for certain distributions (which percentage is reduced to 0% upon the achievement of certain leverage ratio thresholds), for such fiscal year. Consolidated excess cash flow is defined in the senior credit facilities as consolidated adjusted EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) plus a consolidated working capital adjustment, less the sum of repayments of debt and capital expenditures (subject to certain adjustments), interest and taxes paid in cash, management fees and certain restricted payments (including certain dividends or distributions). Consolidated working capital adjustment is defined in the senior credit facilities as the change in working capital, defined as current assets, excluding cash and cash equivalents, less current liabilities, excluding the current portion of long term debt. As of September 30, 2018, the Company was not required to make additional excess cash flow payments during fiscal 2018. The Company made a required excess cash flow payment of $11,279 and a voluntary payment of $18,721 on January 31, 2018.

The Company entered into interest rate swap agreements on February 20, 2015 to reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. The three interest rate swap agreements have notional amounts of $45,000, $90,000 and $135,000 effective for the periods December 31, 2015 through March 29, 2018, March 29, 2018 through March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020 through June 30, 2021, respectively. On February 5, 2018, the Company entered into additional interest rate swap agreements to reduce its exposure to interest rate volatility. The two interest rate swap agreements have notional amounts of $50,000 and $150,000 effective for the periods December 31, 2018 through June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2021 through December 10, 2021, respectively. The interest rates swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The Company may have counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which it monitors on an on-going basis. This risk lies with one global financial institution. Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of December 31, 2015, the Company either received or made payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 6.105% and LIBOR plus 3.00% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of March 29, 2018, the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 6.916% and LIBOR plus 3.00% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of March 31, 2020, the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 7.168% and LIBOR plus 3.00% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the interest rate swap agreement effective as of December 31, 2018, the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 2.613% and LIBOR. Under the interest rate swap agreement effective as of June 30, 2021, the Company will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the

differential between 2.793% and LIBOR. The interest rate swaps’ positive fair value at September 30, 2018 was $935, of which $7 and $942 are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively. The interest rate swaps’ negative fair value at December 31, 2017 was $2,178, of which $597 and $1,581 are included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively.

9.Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

As outstanding checks exceeded the cash book balance at September 30, 2018 by $3,652, such amount has been included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the “Other” category below. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are summarized as follows:



	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017

Payroll and related costs	$	10,195	$	6,923
Employee benefits		5,347		4,701
Accrued warranty		3,431		3,262
Other		9,387		6,118
	$	28,360	$	21,004

10.Warranty Liability

The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs as sales are recognized and periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amount as necessary. The Company’s warranties generally provide, with respect to its snow and ice control equipment, that all material and workmanship will be free from defect for a period of two years after the date of purchase by the end-user, and with respect to its parts and accessories purchased separately, that such parts and accessories will be free from defect for a period of one year after the date of purchase by the end-user. Certain snowplows only provide for a one year warranty. The Company determines the amount of the estimated warranty costs (and its corresponding warranty reserve) based on the Company’s prior five years of warranty history utilizing a formula driven by historical warranty expense and applying management’s judgment. The Company adjusts its historical warranty costs to take into account unique factors such as the introduction of new products into the marketplace that do not provide a historical warranty record to assess. The warranty reserve was $5,754 at September 30, 2018, of which $2,323 is included in Other long term liabilities and $3,431 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The warranty reserve was $5,677 at December 31, 2017, of which $2,415 is included in Other long term liabilities and $3,262 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following is a rollforward of the Company’s warranty liability:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017

Balance at the beginning of the period	$	5,176	$	5,575	$	5,677	$	6,160
Establish warranty provision for Arrowhead		-		-		-		65
Warranty provision		1,050		615		2,821		2,178
Claims paid/settlements		(472)		(373)		(2,744)		(2,586)
Balance at the end of the period	$	5,754	$	5,817	$	5,754	$	5,817

11. Employee Retirement Plans

The components of net periodic pension cost consist of the following:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017

Component of net periodic pension cost:
Service cost	$	102	$	89	$	306	$	267
Interest cost		389		403		1,167		1,209
Expected return on plan assets		(475)		(448)		(1,425)		(1,344)
Amortization of net loss		176		181		528		543
Net periodic pension cost	$	192	$	225	$	576	$	675

The Company estimates its total required minimum contributions to its pension plans in 2018 will be $72. Through September 30, 2018, the Company has made $7,047 of cash contributions to the pension plans versus $655 through the same period in 2017. This payment includes a $7,000 discretionary payment to its pension plans related to the 2017 plan year made on September 14, 2018.

Components of net periodic other postretirement benefit cost consist of the following:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017

Component of periodic other postretirement benefit cost:
Service cost	$	47	$	51	$	141	$	153
Interest cost		58		70		174		210
Amortization of net gain		(52)		(27)		(156)		(81)
Net periodic other postretirement benefit cost	$	53	$	94	$	159	$	282

Service cost is included in Income from operations on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The other components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost are included in Other expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

12.Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares, using the two-class method. As the Company has granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that both participate in dividend equivalents and do not participate in dividend equivalents, the Company has calculated earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common shares and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. Diluted net earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders as adjusted for the effect of dilutive non-participating securities, by the weighted average number of common stock and dilutive common stock outstanding during the period. Potential common shares in the diluted net earnings per share computation are excluded to the extent that they would be anti-dilutive.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Basic earnings per common share
Net income	$	9,921	$	9,327	$	29,209	$	20,796
Less income allocated to participating securities		131		117		390		268
Net income allocated to common shareholders	$	9,790	$	9,210	$	28,819	$	20,528
Weighted average common shares outstanding		22,700,991		22,590,897		22,675,450		22,571,560
	$	0.43	$	0.41	$	1.27	$	0.91

Earnings per common share assuming dilution
Net income	$	9,921	$	9,327	$	29,209	$	20,796
Less income allocated to participating securities		131		117		390		268
Net income allocated to common shareholders	$	9,790	$	9,210	$	28,819	$	20,528
Weighted average common shares outstanding		22,700,991		22,590,897		22,675,450		22,571,560
Incremental shares applicable to non-participating RSUs		25,526		14,024		21,809		10,942
Weighted average common shares assuming dilution		22,726,517		22,604,921		22,697,259		22,582,502
	$	0.43	$	0.40	$	1.26	$	0.90

13.Employee Stock Plans

2010 Stock Incentive Plan

In May 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors and stockholders adopted the 2010 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). The Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment and restatement of the 2010 Plan on March 5, 2014, contingent on stockholder approval of the performance goals under the 2010 Plan, and the amendment and restatement became effective upon stockholder approval of the performance goals at the 2014 annual meeting of stockholders held on April 30, 2014. The 2010 Plan provides for the issuance of nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), any of which may be performance-based, and for incentive bonuses, which may be paid in cash or stock or a combination of both, to eligible employees, officers, non-employee directors and other service providers to the Company and its subsidiaries. A maximum of 2,130,000 shares of common stock may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2010 Plan.

Equity awards issued to management include a retirement provision under which members of management who either (1) are age 65 or older or (2) have at least ten years of service and are at least age 55 will continue to vest in unvested equity awards upon retirement. For the 2018 equity grants, the retirement provision also stipulates that the employee remain employed by the Company for six months after the first day of the fiscal year of the grant. As the retirement provision does not qualify as a substantive service condition, the Company incurred $0 in both the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $2,968 and $619 in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in additional expense for employees who meet the thresholds of the retirement provision. In 2013, the Company’s nominating and governance committee approved a retirement provision for the RSUs issued to non-employee directors that accelerates the vesting of such awards upon retirement. Such awards are fully expensed immediately upon grant in accordance with ASC 718, as the retirement provision eliminates substantive service conditions associated with the awards.

Performance Share Unit Awards

The Company granted performance share units as performance based awards under the 2010 Plan in the first quarter of 2018 that are subject to performance conditions over a three year performance period for the years ending 2018 through 2020. Upon meeting the prescribed performance conditions, employees will be issued shares which vest immediately at the end of the measurement period. For performance share grants in prior years, upon meeting the

prescribed performance conditions, in the first quarter of the year subsequent to grant, employees were issued RSUs, a portion of which is subject to vesting over the two years following the end of the performance period. In accordance with ASC 718, such awards are being expensed over the vesting period from the date of grant through the requisite service period, based upon the most probable outcome. The fair value per share of the awards is the closing stock price on the date of grant, which was $37.40. The Company recognized ($172) and $451 of compensation expense (benefit) related to the awards in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognized $1,760 and $1,121 of compensation expense related to the awards in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense calculated under the fair value method for shares that were, as of September 30, 2018, expected to be earned through the requisite service period was approximately $490 and is expected to be recognized through 2021.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards

RSUs are granted to both non-employee directors and management. RSUs do not carry voting rights. While all non-employee director RSUs participate in dividend equivalents, there are two classes of management RSUs, one for executives that participate in dividend equivalents, and a second for non-executives that do not participate in dividend equivalents. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock and is subject to time based vesting restrictions. Participants are not required to pay any consideration to the Company at either the time of grant of a RSU or upon vesting.

A summary of RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is as follows:



				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining
		Grant Date		Contractual
	Shares	Fair value		Term

Unvested at December 31, 2017	47,542	$	23.95	0.84	years
Granted	134,804	$	35.73	0.50	years
Vested	(96,034)	$	30.54
Cancelled and forfeited	-	$	-

Unvested at September 30, 2018	86,312	$	35.01	0.83	years

Expected to vest in the future at September 30, 2018	86,312	$	35.01	0.83	years

The Company recognized $187 and $191 of compensation expense related to the RSU awards in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognized $2,420 and $1,628 of compensation expense related to the RSU awards in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense, calculated under the fair value method for shares that were, as of September 30, 2018, expected to be earned through the requisite service period was approximately $1,082 and is expected to be recognized through 2021.

Vested director RSUs are ‘‘settled’’ by the delivery to the participant or a designated brokerage firm of one share of common stock per vested RSU as soon as reasonably practicable following a termination of service of the participant that constitutes a separation from service, and in all events no later than the end of the calendar year in which such termination of service occurs or, if later, two and one-half months after such termination of service. Vested management RSUs are “settled” by the delivery to the participant or a designated brokerage firm of one share of common stock per vested RSU as soon as reasonably practicable following vesting.

Segment performance is evaluated based on segment net sales and operating income. Items not allocated to segment operating income include corporate administrative expenses and certain other amounts. No single customer’s revenues amounted to 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue. Sales are primarily within the United States and substantially all assets are located within the United States.



	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
		2018		2017		2018		2017
Net sales
Work Truck Attachments	$	93,532	$	98,002	$	268,285	$	247,088
Work Truck Solutions		34,704		32,243		110,563		96,767
Corporate & Eliminations		(3,404)		(4,906)		(6,606)		(6,897)
	$	124,832	$	125,339	$	372,242	$	336,958
Selling, general, and administrative expense
Work Truck Attachments	$	9,219	$	7,378	$	24,549	$	22,780
Work Truck Solutions		5,113		2,997		15,927		11,309
Corporate & Eliminations		2,260		2,539		12,805		10,448
	$	16,592	$	12,914	$	53,281	$	44,537
Income (loss) from operations
Work Truck Attachments	$	18,456	$	23,105	$	61,339	$	52,186
Work Truck Solutions		135		1,784		1,988		5,143
Corporate & Eliminations		(3,131)		(4,745)		(14,417)		(12,123)
	$	15,460	$	20,144	$	48,910	$	45,206
Depreciation Expense
Work Truck Attachments	$	1,467	$	1,366	$	4,244	$	4,085
Work Truck Solutions		416		408		1,283		1,086
Corporate & Eliminations		33		32		83		112
	$	1,916	$	1,806	$	5,610	$	5,283
Assets
Work Truck Attachments	$	482,371	$	471,163
Work Truck Solutions		220,088		215,669
Corporate & Eliminations		10,281		7,238
	$	712,740	$	694,070
Capital Expenditures
Work Truck Attachments	$	1,726	$	1,470	$	4,609	$	3,560
Work Truck Solutions		497		600		1,693		1,656
	$	2,223	$	2,070	$	6,302	$	5,216

All intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation.

16.Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The largest item affecting deferred taxes is the difference between book and tax amortization of goodwill and other intangibles amortization. The Company’s effective tax rate was 10.4% and 38.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was 18.9% and 33.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was lower when compared to the same periods in 2017 due to the lower corporate tax rate resulting from the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”) that went into effect December 22, 2017. Also contributing to the decrease in tax rate was the release of reserves for uncertain tax positions which exceeded prior periods by $1,258 and $763 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The Company also made a voluntary

pension funding payment in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $7,000 which was deducted in the Company’s tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2017 reducing taxable income for that period. The increased pension funding deduction resulted in a tax benefit of $651, also decreasing the tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 as this deduction was not included in the provision recorded at December 31, 2017. The Company continues to analyze the different aspects of the Tax Act which could potentially affect the provisional estimates that were recorded at December 31, 2017.

17.Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component

Changes to accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are as follows:



	Unrealized
	Net Loss			Retiree
	on Interest			Health
	Rate			Benefit	Pension
	Swap			Obligation	Obligation		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(1,328)	$	1,392	$	(6,636)	$	(6,572)
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications		2,058		—		—		2,058
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss: (1)		247		(115)		391		522
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	977	$	1,277	$	(6,245)	$	(3,992)
(1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items:
Actuarial gains (a)		(156)
Tax expense		41
Reclassification net of tax	$	(115)
Amortization of pension items:
Actuarial losses (a)		528
Tax benefit		(137)
Reclassification net of tax	$	391

Realized losses on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense		334
Tax benefit		(87)
Reclassification net of tax	$	247

(a) These components are included in the computation of benefit plan costs in Note 11.

Changes to accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are as follows:



	Unrealized
	Net Loss			Retiree
	on Interest			Health
	Rate			Benefit	Pension
	Swap			Obligation	Obligation		Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	(1,195)	$	937	$	(6,414)	$	(6,672)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(656)		-		-		(656)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss: (1)		164		(50)		336		450
Balance at September 30, 2017	$	(1,687)	$	887	$	(6,078)	$	(6,878)
(1) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Amortization of Other Postretirement Benefit items:
Actuarial gains (a)		(81)
Tax expense		31
Reclassification net of tax	$	(50)
Amortization of pension items:
Actuarial losses (a)		543
Tax benefit		(207)
Reclassification net of tax	$	336
Realized losses on interest rate swaps reclassified to interest expense		264
Tax benefit		(100)
Reclassification net of tax	$	164

(a)

These components are included in the computation of benefit plan costs in Note 11.

18. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 Leases: Amendments to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. ASU 2016-02 increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11 Leases: Targeted Improvements which allows entities to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date, rather than at the earliest period presented. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of the guidance on its inventory of lease contracts and currently intends to adopt the standard in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. The Company expects this ASU to have an impact of approximately $25,000 - $50,000 on its consolidated financial statements upon recognition of the lease liability and right-of-use asset for lease contracts which are currently accounted for as operating leases.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02 Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income: Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This ASU provides financial statement preparers with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within AOCI to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recorded. ASU 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard, and does not expect a material impact on the financial statements.

Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes which are included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the information contained in our Form 10-K (Commission File No. 001-34728) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, unless the context indicates otherwise: “Douglas Dynamics,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer to Douglas Dynamics, Inc.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements include information relating to future events, product demand, the payment of dividends, future financial performance, strategies, expectations, competitive environment, regulation and availability of financial resources. These statements are often identified by use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “estimate,” “expect,” “continue,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “plan,” “project,” “predict,” “will” and similar expressions and include references to assumptions and relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to: (i) weather conditions, particularly lack of or reduced levels of snowfall and the timing of such snowfall; (ii) a significant decline in economic conditions; (iii) our ability to maintain good relationships with our distributors; (iv) our inability to maintain good relationships with the original equipment manufacturers with whom we currently do significant business; (v) lack of available or favorable financing options for our end-users, distributors or customers; (vi) increases in the price of steel or other materials (including as a result of tariffs) necessary for the production of our products that cannot be passed on to our distributors; (vii) increases in the price of fuel; (viii) the inability of our suppliers and original equipment manufacturer partners to meet our volume or quality requirements; (ix) inaccuracies in our estimates of future demand for our products; (x) our inability to protect or continue to build our intellectual property portfolio; (xi) the effects of laws and regulations and their interpretations on our business and financial condition; (xii) our inability to develop new products or improve upon existing products in response to end-user needs; (xiii) losses due to lawsuits arising out of personal injuries associated with our products; (xiv) factors that could impact the future declaration and payment of dividends; (xv) our inability to compete effectively against competition; and (xvi) our inability to achieve the projected financial performance with the business of Henderson, which we acquired in 2014 , the assets of Dejana, which we acquired in 2016 or the assets of Arrowhead Equipment, Inc., which we acquired in 2017 and unexpected costs or liabilities related to such acquisitions, as well as those discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, if any, or in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In addition, the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation, except as required by law, to update or release any revisions to any forward-looking statement, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Results of Operations

The Company operates through two reportable business segments as described below.

Work Truck Attachments. The Work Truck Attachments segment includes snow and ice management attachments sold under the FISHER®, WESTERN®, HENDERSON® and SNOWEX® brands. This segment consists of our operations that, prior to our acquisition of Dejana, were our single operating segment, consisting of the manufacture and sale of snow and ice control products. As described under “Seasonality and Year-To Year Variability,” the Work Truck Attachments Segment is seasonal and, as a result, its results of operations can vary from quarter-to-quarter and from year-to-year.

Work Truck Solutions. The Work Truck Solutions segment, which was created as a result of the Dejana acquisition, includes the premier truck up-fit of market leading attachments and storage solutions for commercial work vehicles under the DEJANA® brand and its related sub-brands.

Overview

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of Topic 606 did not have a significant impact on the Work Truck Attachments segment. In the Work Truck Solutions segment, the standard changed the timing of revenue for truck upfits of customer-owned chassis from a point in time to over time. This change in timing of revenue recognition increased revenue by $0.0 million and $0.3 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

The following table sets forth, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the consolidated statements of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the table below and throughout this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” consolidated statements of operations data for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements. The information contained in the table below should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(unaudited)				(unaudited)
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)

Net sales	$	124,832	$	125,339	$	372,242	$	336,958
Cost of sales		89,912		89,284		261,446		238,683
Gross profit		34,920		36,055		110,796		98,275
Selling, general, and administrative expense		16,592		12,914		53,281		44,537
Intangibles amortization		2,868		2,997		8,605		8,532
Income from operations		15,460		20,144		48,910		45,206
Interest expense, net		(4,379)		(4,860)		(12,420)		(14,348)
Litigation proceeds		-		-		-		1,275
Other expense, net		(12)		(203)		(479)		(669)
Income before taxes		11,069		15,081		36,011		31,464
Income tax expense		1,148		5,754		6,802		10,668
Net income	$	9,921	$	9,327	$	29,209	$	20,796

The following table sets forth for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the percentage of certain items in our condensed consolidated statement of operations, relative to net sales:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,			September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017			2018		2017
	(unaudited)					(unaudited)
Net sales	100.0	%	100.0	%		100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales	72.0	%	71.2	%		70.2	%	70.8	%
Gross profit	28.0	%	28.8	%		29.8	%	29.2	%
Selling, general, and administrative expense	13.3	%	10.3	%		14.3	%	13.2	%
Intangibles amortization	2.3	%	2.4	%		2.3	%	2.5	%
Income from operations	12.4	%	16.1	%		13.2	%	13.5	%
Interest expense, net	(3.5)	%	(3.9)	%		(3.3)	%	(4.3)	%
Litigation proceeds	-	%	-	%		-	%	0.4	%
Other expense, net	-	%	(0.2)	%		-	%	(0.2)	%
Income before taxes	8.9	%	12.0	%		9.9	%	9.4	%
Income tax expense	0.8	%	4.6	%		1.8	%	3.2	%
Net income	8.1	%	7.4	%		8.1	%	6.2	%

Net Sales

Net sales were $124.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $125.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $0.5 million, or 0.4%. Net sales were $372.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $337.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $35.2 million, or 10.4%. Sales were relatively flat for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, sales increased due to the return of average levels of snowfall in the snow season ended March 31, 2018 compared to below average snowfall in the snow season ended March 31, 2017 and higher pricing, slightly offset by lower municipal volumes due to chassis supply chain issues. See below for a discussion of net sales for each of our segments.


	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
		2018		2017	2018		2017
Net sales
Work Truck Attachments	$	93,532	$	98,002	$	268,285	$	247,088
Work Truck Solutions		34,704		32,243		110,563		96,767
Corporate & Eliminations		(3,404)		(4,906)		(6,606)		(6,897)
	$	124,832	$	125,339	$	372,242	$	336,958

Net sales at our Work Truck Attachments segment were $93.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $98.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $4.5 million primarily due to the timing of shipments and ongoing chassis supply availability issues. Net sales at our Work Truck Attachments segment were $268.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $247.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $21.2 million due primarily to the higher levels of snowfall in the snow season ended March 31, 2018 compared to the snow season ended March 31, 2017. Snowfall during the snow season ended March 31, 2018 were near historical averages, while the snow season ended March 31, 2017 saw below average snowfall levels. Strong preseason sales for our commercial products were slightly offset by sales decreases in our municipal products, due to ongoing chassis supply availability issues.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization, were $19.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $15.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $3.6 million, or 22.6%. Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization, were $61.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $53.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $8.8 million, or 16.6%. See the following summary of Selling, general and administrative expenses, including intangibles amortization by segment:



	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
		2018		2017		2018		2017
Selling, general, and administrative expense
Work Truck Attachments	$	9,219	$	7,378	$	24,549	$	22,780
Work Truck Solutions		5,113		2,997		15,927		11,309
Corporate & Eliminations		2,260		2,539		12,805		10,448
	$	16,592	$	12,914	$	53,281	$	44,537
Intangibles amortization
Work Truck Attachments	$	1,725	$	1,726	$	5,176	$	5,178
Work Truck Solutions		1,143		1,271		3,429		3,354
	$	2,868	$	2,997	$	8,605	$	8,532
Selling, general, and administrative expense including intangibles amortization
Work Truck Attachments	$	10,944	$	9,104	$	29,725	$	27,958
Work Truck Solutions		6,256		4,268		19,356		14,663
Corporate & Eliminations		2,260		2,539		12,805		10,448
	$	19,460	$	15,911	$	61,886	$	53,069

For Work Truck Attachments, selling, general and administrative expenses was $10.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $9.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.8 million, or 19.8%. Selling, general and administrative expenses was $29.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $28.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $1.7 million, or 6.1%. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding period in the prior year primarily due to increased discretionary spending as a result of a return to average snowfall levels.

For Work Truck Solutions, selling, general and administrative expenses was $6.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $4.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $2.0 million, or 46.5%. Selling, general and administrative expenses was $19.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $14.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $4.7 million, or 32.0%. This increase for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was due to $1.2 million in earnout reversal at Work Truck Solutions related to the Dejana acquisition in the three months ended September 30, 2017, as well as increased costs related to headcount and wages to support new facilities. This increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was due to $1.2 million in earnout reversal at Work Truck Solutions related to the Dejana acquisition in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and an increase in legal expenses of $0.6 million. The remainder of the increase relates to increased costs related to headcount and wages to support new facilities.

For Corporate & Eliminations, selling, general and administrative expenses was $2.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $2.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $0.2 million or 8.0%. Selling, general and administrative expenses was $12.8 million in the nine months ended

September 30, 2018 compared to $10.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $2.4 million or 23.1%. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are due to an increase in stock compensation expense related to plan design changes, timing due to the design changes, and increased plan participation. The remainder of the increase is due to higher variable compensation due to improved operating results.

Income from operations

Income from operations was $15.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $20.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $4.6 million, or 22.9%. Income from operations was $48.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $45.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $3.7 million, or 8.2%. See below for a discussion of income from operations for each of our segments.

Income from operations at our Work Truck Attachments segment was $18.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $23.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $4.6 million, or 19.9%. Income from operations at our Work Truck Attachments segment was $61.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $52.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $9.1 million, or 17.4%. The changes in income from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were driven by the factors described above under “— Net Sales,” “—Cost of Sales,” and “— Selling, General and Administrative Expense.”

Income from operations at our Work Truck Solutions segment was $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $1.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $1.7 million, or 94.4%. Income from operations at our Work Truck Solutions segment was $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, a decrease of $3.1 million, or 60.8%. The changes in income from operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were driven by the factors described above under “— Net Sales,” “—Cost of Sales,” and “— Selling, General and Administrative Expense.”

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was lower than the $4.9 million incurred in the same period in the prior year. Interest expense was $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was lower than the $14.3 million incurred in the same period in the prior year. The decrease in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was due to more favorable interest rate in 2018 due to debt refinances completed in February and August 2017, as well as lower debt balance from repayments of $30.0 million in 2018. In addition, the Company incurred $1.6 million of financing costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the amendments to its Term Loan Credit Agreement to decrease the interest rate margins that apply to the term loan facility.

Litigation Proceeds

Litigation proceeds were $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to a settlement related to the successful conclusion of a patent infringement lawsuit against Meyer Products, LLC. There were no litigation proceeds in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The largest item affecting deferred taxes is the difference between book and tax amortization of goodwill and other intangibles amortization. The Company’s effective tax rate was 10.4% and 38.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, a decrease in tax rate of 27.7%. The Company’s effective tax rate was 18.9% and 33.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, a decrease in tax rate of 15.0%. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was lower when compared to the same periods in 2017 due to the lower corporate tax rate resulting from the passage of the Tax Act that went into effect December 22, 2017.

Also contributing to the decrease in tax rate was the release of reserves for uncertain tax positions which exceeded prior periods by $1.3 million and $0.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. The Company also made a voluntary pension funding payment in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $7.0 million which was deducted in the Company’s tax returns for the year ended December 31, 2017 reducing taxable income for that period. The increased pension funding deduction resulted in a tax benefit of $0.7 million, also decreasing the tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 as this deduction was not included in the provision recorded at December 31, 2017. The Company continues to analyze the different aspects of the Tax Act which could potentially affect the provisional estimates that were recorded at December 31, 2017.

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $9.9 million, compared to net income of $9.3 million for the corresponding period in 2017, an increase in net income of $0.6 million. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $29.2 million, compared to net income of $20.8 million for the corresponding period in 2017, an increase in net income of $8.4 million. The increase in net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was driven by the factors described above under “— Net Sales,” “—Cost of Sales,” “— Selling, General and Administrative Expense,” and “— Income Taxes.” As a percentage of net sales, net income was 8.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 7.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017. As a percentage of net sales, net income was 8.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 6.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was $20.5 million compared to $24.2 million in the corresponding period in 2017, a decrease of $3.7 million. Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $67.7 million compared to $60.6 million in the corresponding period in 2017, an increase of $7.1 million. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018, the changes in Adjusted EBITDA is attributable to the factors described above under “— Net Sales” and “— Cost of Sales.”

Discussion of Critical Accounting Policies

Other than disclosed below, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies previously disclosed in our Form 10-K (Commission File No. 001-34728) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation — Critical Accounting Policies.”

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, using the modified retrospective approach. We recognize revenue when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. We follow these five steps to achieve this principle: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when or as we satisfy a performance obligation. See Note 2 for additional detail on revenue streams for each of our segments.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of cash have been and we expect will continue to be, cash from operations and borrowings under our senior credit facilities.

Our primary uses of cash are to provide working capital, meet debt service requirements, finance capital expenditures, pay dividends under our dividend policy and support our growth, including through potential acquisitions, and for other general corporate purposes. For a description of the seasonality of our working capital rates see “—Seasonality and Year‑To‑Year Variability.”

Our Board of Directors has adopted a dividend policy that reflects an intention to distribute to our stockholders a regular quarterly cash dividend. The declaration and payment of these dividends to holders of our

common stock is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends upon many factors, including our financial condition and earnings, legal requirements, taxes and other factors our Board of Directors may deem to be relevant. The terms of our indebtedness may also restrict us from paying cash dividends on our common stock under certain circumstances. As a result of this dividend policy, we may not have significant cash available to meet any large unanticipated liquidity requirements. As a result, we may not retain a sufficient amount of cash to fund our operations or to finance unanticipated capital expenditures or growth opportunities, including acquisitions. Our Board of Directors may, however, amend, revoke or suspend our dividend policy at any time and for any reason.

As of September 30, 2018, we had $57.7 million of total liquidity, comprised of ($3.7) million in cash and cash equivalents and borrowing availability of $61.4 million under our revolving credit facility, compared with total liquidity as of December 31, 2017 of approximately $136.4 million, comprised of approximately $36.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and borrowing availability of approximately $99.5 million under our revolving credit facility. Cash is negative at September 30, 2018 due to outstanding checks exceeding the cash book balance due to the timing of revolver borrowings, which is typical given out working capital needs due to the seasonality of our business. The negative cash amount is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and in Operating activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The decrease in our total liquidity from December 31, 2017 is primarily due to the seasonality of our business. Borrowing availability under our revolving credit facility is governed by a borrowing base, the calculation of which includes cash on hand. Accordingly, use of cash on hand may also result in a reduction in the amount available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility. Furthermore, our revolving credit facility requires us to maintain at least $10.5 million of borrowing availability and 15% of the aggregate revolving commitments at the time of determination. We expect that cash on hand and cash we generate from operations, as well as available credit under our senior credit facilities, will provide adequate funds for the purposes described above for at least the next 12 months.

The following table shows our cash and cash equivalents and inventories in thousands at September 30, 2018, December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017.



	As of
	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2017
Cash and cash equivalents	$	-	$	36,875	$	1,482
Inventories		89,444		71,524		77,447

We had cash and cash equivalents of $0.0 million at September 30, 2018 compared to cash and cash equivalents of $36.9 million and $1.5 million at December 31, 2017 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The table below sets forth a summary of the significant sources and uses of cash for the periods presented in thousands.



	Nine Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,			%
Cash Flows (in thousands)		2018		2017		Change	Change

Net cash used in operating activities	$	(17,904)	$	(669)	$	(17,235)	2576.2	%
Net cash used in investing activities		(6,302)		(12,601)		6,299	(50.0)	%
Net cash used in financing activities		(12,669)		(3,857)		(8,812)	228.5	%
Decrease in cash	$	(36,875)	$	(17,127)	$	(19,748)	(115.3)	%

Net cash used in operating activities increased $17.2 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2017 to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The increase in cash used in operating activities was due to unfavorable changes in working capital of $30.6 million and by a $13.4 million increase in net income adjusted for reconciling items. The largest unfavorable changes in working capital were driven by unfavorable changes in cash used by inventories due to the build-up of inventory in anticipation of tariffs raising prices, benefit obligations due to a $7.0 million contribution to the pension plans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, and accounts

receivable from higher sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Net cash used in investing activities decreased $6.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the corresponding period in 2017. This decrease was due to the $7.6 million in non-recurring cash payments that occurred in the nine months ended June 30, 2017 related to the acquisition of Arrowhead. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures of $1.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Net cash used in financing activities increased $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the corresponding period in 2017. The increase was primarily a result of a $30.0 million payment on our debt that occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, that was partially offset by the non-recurrence of a $5.5 million earnout payment related to Dejana that occurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Additionally contributing to this increase were $38.0 million in revolver borrowings at September 30, 2018 compared to $23.0 million in revolver borrowings at September 30, 2017.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow for the three months ended September 30, 2018 was ($31.1) million compared to ($16.1) million in the corresponding period in 2017, a decrease of $15.0 million. The decrease in free cash flow is primarily a result of higher cash used in operating activities of $14.9 million and an increase in capital expenditures of $0.1 million. Free cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was ($24.2) million compared to ($5.9) million in the corresponding period in 2017, a decrease of $18.3 million. The decrease in free cash flow is primarily a result of higher cash used in operating activities of $17.2 million and an increase in capital expenditures of $1.1 million, as discussed above under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains financial information calculated other than in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

These non-GAAP measures include:

Free cash flow; and

Adjusted EBITDA; and

Adjusted net income and earnings per share.

These non-GAAP disclosures should not be construed as an alternative to the reported results determined in accordance with GAAP.

Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure which we define as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures. Free cash flow should be evaluated in addition to, and not considered a substitute for, other financial measures such as net income and cash flow provided by operations. We believe that free cash flow represents our ability to generate additional cash flow from our business operations.

The following table reconciles net cash provided by operating activities, a GAAP measure, to free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure.



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(In Thousands)				(In Thousands)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(28,895)	$	(14,006)	$	(17,904)	$	(669)
Acquisition of property and equipment		(2,223)		(2,070)		(6,302)		(5,216)
Free cash flow	$	(31,118)	$	(16,076)	$	(24,206)	$	(5,885)

Adjusted EBITDA represents net income before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as further adjusted for certain charges consisting of unrelated legal and consulting fees, stock-based compensation, litigation proceeds, loss on disposal of fixed assets related to facility relocations and certain purchase accounting expenses. We use, and we believe our investors benefit from the presentation of, Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance because it provides us and our investors with additional tools to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations. In addition, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our consolidated financial statements in evaluating our operating performance as compared to that of other companies, because it allows them to measure a company’s operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets and liabilities, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired. Our management also uses Adjusted EBITDA for planning purposes, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and financial projections. Management also uses Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our ability to make certain payments, including dividends, in compliance with our senior credit facilities, which is determined based on a calculation of “Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA” that is substantially similar to Adjusted EBITDA.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. As a result, you should not consider it in isolation, or as a substitute for net income, operating income, cash flow from operating activities or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our indebtedness;

Although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;

Other companies, including other companies in our industry, may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure; and

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax obligations whether current or deferred.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted EBITDA as well as the resulting calculation of Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Net income	$	9,921	$	9,327	$	29,209	$	20,796

Interest expense, net		4,379		4,860		12,420		14,348
Income tax expense		1,148		5,754		6,802		10,668
Depreciation expense		1,916		1,806		5,610		5,283
Amortization		2,868		2,997		8,605		8,532
EBITDA		20,232		24,744		62,646		59,627

Stock-based compensation expense		15		642		4,180		2,750
Litigation proceeds		-		-		-		(1,275)
Purchase accounting (1)		-		(1,186)		-		(1,186)
Other charges (2)		271		(41)		848		728
Adjusted EBITDA	$	20,518	$	24,159	$	67,674	$	60,644

(1)

Reflects $1,186 in reversal of earn-out compensation related to Dejana in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017

(2)

Reflects $185 in loss on disposal of fixed assets related to facility relocation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Reflects unrelated legal and consulting fees for the periods presented.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share (calculated on a diluted basis) represents net income and earnings per share (as defined by GAAP), excluding the impact of stock based compensation, litigation proceeds, non-cash purchase accounting adjustments, loss on disposal of fixed assets related to facility relocations and certain charges related to certain unrelated legal fees and consulting fees, net of their income tax impact. Management believes that Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Share are useful in assessing the Company’s financial performance by eliminating expenses and income that are not reflective of the underlying business performance. We believe that the presentation of adjusted net income for the periods presented allows investors to make meaningful comparisons of our operating performance between periods and to view our business from the same perspective as our management. Because the excluded items are not predictable or consistent, management does not consider them when evaluating our performance or when making decisions regarding allocation of resources.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted net income as well as a reconciliation of diluted earnings per share, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, to Adjusted diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Net income (GAAP)	$	9,921	$	9,327	$	29,209	$	20,796
Adjustments:
- Purchase accounting (1)		-		(1,186)		-		(1,186)
- Stock-based compensation		15		642		4,180		2,750
- Litigation proceeds		-		-		-		(1,275)
- Other charges (2)		271		(41)		848		728
Tax effect on adjustments		(71)		222		(1,257)		(386)

Adjusted net income (non-GAAP)		$ 10,136		$ 8,964		$ 32,980		$ 21,427

Weighted average common shares outstanding assuming dilution		22,726,517		22,604,921		22,697,259		22,582,502

Adjusted earnings per common share - dilutive		$ 0.44		$ 0.39		$ 1.42		$ 0.93

GAAP diluted earnings per share		$ 0.43		$ 0.40		$ 1.26		$ 0.90
Adjustments net of income taxes:
- Purchase accounting (1)		-		(0.03)		-		(0.03)
- Stock-based compensation		-		0.02		0.14		0.08
- Litigation proceeds		-		-		-		(0.04)
- Other charges (2)		0.01		-		0.02		0.02

Adjusted diluted earnings per share (non-GAAP)		$ 0.44		$ 0.39		$ 1.42		$ 0.93

(1)

Reflects $1,186 in reversal of earn-out compensation related to Dejana in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

(2)

Contractual Obligations

There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations in the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are not party to any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues, expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Seasonality and Year-to-Year Variability

Our Work Truck Attachments segment is seasonal and also varies from year-to-year. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition for this segment vary from quarter-to-quarter and from year-to-year as well. In addition, because of this seasonality and variability, the results of operations for our Work Truck Attachments segment and our consolidated results of operations for any quarter may not be indicative of results of operations that may be achieved for a subsequent quarter or the full year, and may not be similar to results of operations experienced in prior years. That being the case, while snowfall levels vary within a given year and from year-to-year, snowfall, and the corresponding replacement cycle of snow and ice control equipment manufactured and sold by our Work Truck Attachments segment, is relatively consistent over multi-year periods.

Sales of our Work Truck Attachments products are significantly impacted by the level, timing and location of snowfall, with sales in any given year and region most heavily influenced by snowfall levels in the prior snow season (which we consider to begin in October and end in March) in that region. This is due to the fact that end-user demand for our Work Truck Attachments products is driven primarily by the condition of their snow and ice control equipment, and in the case of professional snowplowers, by their financial ability to purchase new or replacement snow and ice control equipment, both of which are significantly affected by snowfall levels. Heavy snowfall during a given winter causes usage of our Work Truck Attachments products to increase, resulting in greater wear and tear to our products and a shortening of their life cycles, thereby creating a need for replacement snow and ice control equipment and related parts and accessories. In addition, when there is a heavy snowfall in a given winter, the increased income our professional snowplowers generate from their professional snowplow activities provides them with increased purchasing power to purchase replacement snow and ice control equipment prior to the following winter. To a lesser extent, sales of our Work Truck Attachments products are influenced by the timing of snowfall in a given winter. Because an early snowfall can be viewed as a sign of a heavy upcoming snow season, our end-users may respond to an early snowfall by purchasing replacement snow and ice control equipment during the current season rather than delaying purchases until after the season is over when most purchases are typically made by end-users.

We attempt to manage the seasonal impact of snowfall on our revenues in part through our pre-season sales program, which involves actively soliciting and encouraging pre-season distributor orders in the second and third quarters by offering our Work Truck Attachments distributors a combination of pricing, payment and freight incentives during this period. These pre-season sales incentives encourage our Work Truck Attachments distributors to re-stock their inventory during the second and third quarters in anticipation of the peak fourth quarter retail sales period by offering pre-season pricing and payment deferral until the fourth quarter. As a result, we tend to generate our greatest volume of sales (an average of over two-thirds over the last ten years) for the Work Truck Attachments segment during the second and third quarters, providing us with manufacturing visibility for the remainder of the year. By contrast, our revenue and operating results for the Work Truck Attachments segment tend to be lowest during the first quarter, as management believes our end-users prefer to wait until the beginning of a snow season to purchase new equipment and as our distributors sell off inventory and wait for our pre-season sales incentive period to re-stock inventory. Fourth quarter sales for the Work Truck Attachments segment vary from year-to-year as they are primarily driven by the level, timing and location of snowfall during the quarter. This is because most of our fourth quarter sales and shipments for the Work Truck Attachments segment consist of re-orders by distributors seeking to restock inventory to meet immediate customer needs caused by snowfall during the winter months.

Because of the seasonality of our sales of Work Truck Attachments products, we experience seasonality in our working capital needs as well. In the first quarter, we typically require capital as we are generally required to build our inventory for the Work Truck Attachments segment in anticipation of our second and third quarter pre-season sales. During the second and third quarters, our working capital requirements rise as our accounts receivable for the Work Truck Attachments segment increase as a result of the sale and shipment of products ordered through our pre-season sales program and we continue to build inventory. Working capital requirements peak towards the end of the third quarter and then begin to decline through the fourth quarter through a reduction in accounts receivable for the Work Truck Attachments segment when we receive the majority of the payments for pre-season shipped products.

We also attempt to manage the impact of seasonality and year-to-year variability on our business costs through the effective management of our assets. Our asset management and profit focus strategies include:

the employment of a highly variable cost structure facilitated by a core group of workers that we supplement with a temporary workforce as sales volumes dictate, which allows us to adjust costs on an as-needed basis in response to changing demand;

our enterprise-wide lean concept, which allows us to adjust production levels up or down to meet demand;

the pre-season order program described above, which incentivizes distributors to place orders prior to the retail selling season; and

a vertically integrated business model.

These asset management and profit focus strategies, among other management tools, allow us to adjust fixed overhead and sales, general and administrative expenditures to account for the year-to-year variability of our sales volumes.

Additionally, although modest, our annual capital expenditure requirements can be temporarily reduced by up to approximately 40% in response to actual or anticipated decreases in sales volumes. If we are unsuccessful in our asset management initiatives, the seasonality and year-to-year variability effects on our business may be compounded and in turn our results of operations and financial condition may suffer.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We do not use financial instruments for speculative trading purposes, and do not hold any derivative financial instruments that could expose us to significant market risk. Our primary market risk exposures are changes in interest rates and steel price fluctuations.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to market risk primarily from changes in interest rates. Our borrowings, including our term loan and any revolving borrowings under our senior credit facilities, are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk. A portion of our interest rate risk associated with our term loan is mitigated through interest rate swaps. In addition, the interest rate on any revolving borrowings is subject to an increase in the interest rate based on our average daily availability under our revolving credit facility.

As of September 30, 2018, we had outstanding borrowings under our term loan of $278.8 million. A hypothetical interest rate change of 1%, 1.5% and 2% on our term loan would have changed interest incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2018 by $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

On February 20, 2015, we entered into three interest rate swap agreements with notional amounts of $45.0 million, $90.0 million and $135.0 million effective for the periods December 31, 2015 through March 29, 2018, March 29, 2018 through March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020 through June 30, 2021, respectively. On February 5, 2018, we entered into interest rate swap agreements with notional amounts of $50.0 million and $150.0 million, effective for the periods December 31, 2018 through June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2021 through December 10, 2021, respectively. We may have counterparty credit risk resulting from the interest rate swap, which we monitor on an on-going basis. This risk lies with one global financial institution. Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of December 31, 2015, we either received or made payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 6.105% and LIBOR plus 3.00% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of March 29, 2018, we will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 6.916% and LIBOR plus 3.00% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the interest rate swap agreement, effective as of March 31, 2020, we will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 7.168% and LIBOR plus 3.00% (with a LIBOR floor of 1.0%). Under the interest rate swap agreement effective as of December 31, 2018, we will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 2.613% and LIBOR. Under the interest rate swap agreement effective as of June 30, 2021, we will either receive or make payments on a monthly basis based on the differential between 2.793% and LIBOR.

As of September 30, 2018, we had $38.0 million in outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. A hypothetical interest rate change of 1%, 1.5% and 2% on our revolving credit facility would have changed interest incurred for the three months ended September 30, 2018 by $0.0 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

Commodity Price Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk related to our purchase of steel, the primary commodity upon which our manufacturing depends. Our steel purchases as a percentage of revenue were 10.3% and 10.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, compared to 8.5% and 10.3% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. While steel is typically available from numerous suppliers, the price of steel is a commodity subject to fluctuations that apply across broad spectrums of the steel market. We do not use any derivative or hedging instruments to manage steel price risk. If the price of steel increases, our variable costs could also increase. While historically we have successfully mitigated these increased costs through the implementation of either permanent price increases and/or temporary invoice surcharges, in the future we may not be able to successfully mitigate these costs, which could cause our gross margins to decline. If our costs for steel were to increase by $1.00 in a period where we are not able to pass any of this increase onto our distributors, our gross margins would decline by $1.00 in the period in which such inventory was sold.

Item 4.Controls And Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and include controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, other than those identified below. In May 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Arrowhead, and we are in the process of implementing the Arrowhead internal control structure and may make changes as we integrate our controls and procedures.

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, using the modified retrospective approach. Although the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our financial results, we have implemented changes to our controls related to revenue. These changes include enhanced reviews around customer contracts, the evaluation of contracts based off the five-step revenue recognition model, and additional ongoing monitoring activities. These controls were designed to provide reasonable assurance of the fair presentation of our financial statements and related disclosures.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we are engaged in various litigation primarily including product liability and intellectual property disputes. However, management does not believe that any current litigation is material to our

operations or financial position. In addition, we are not currently party to any environmental-related claims or legal matters.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

There have been no significant changes in our risk factors from those described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, the Company did not sell any securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Dividend Payment Restrictions

The Company’s senior credit facilities include certain restrictions on its ability to pay dividends. The senior credit facilities also restrict the Company’s subsidiaries from paying dividends and otherwise transferring assets to Douglas Dynamics, Inc. For additional detail regarding these restrictions, see Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

Item 3.Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5.Other Information

None.

Item 6.Exhibits

The following documents are filed as Exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:


Exhibit Numbers		Description
31.1*		Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*		Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*		Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101*		Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Douglas Dynamics, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, filed on November 6, 2018, formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (iv) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

*Filed herewith.


	DOUGLAS DYNAMICS, INC.

	By:	/s/ SARAH LAUBER
		Sarah Lauber
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and Authorized Signatory)
Dated: November 6, 2018


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1. Financial Statements	3
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	5
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	40
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	40
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	40
Item 1A. Risk Factors	41
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	41
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	41
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	41
Item 5. Other Information	41
Item 6. Exhibits	41
Signatures	42