11. Warranty Liability

The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs as sales are recognized and periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liability and adjusts the amount as necessary. The Company’s warranties generally provide, with respect to its snow and ice control equipment, that all material and workmanship will be free from defect for a period of one to two years after the date of purchase by the end‑user, and with respect to its parts and accessories purchased separately, that such parts and accessories will be free from defect for a period of one year after the date of purchase by the end‑user. Certain snowplows only provide for a one year warranty. The Company determines the amount of the estimated warranty costs (and its corresponding warranty reserve) using the expected value method, and is based on the Company’s prior five years of warranty history utilizing a formula driven by historical warranty expense and applying management’s judgment. The Company adjusts its historical warranty costs to take into account unique factors such as the introduction of new products into the marketplace that do not provide a historical warranty record to assess. All of the Company’s warranties are assurance-type warranties. The warranty reserve is $7,876 at December 31, 2022 of which $3,318 is included in Other long-term liabilities and $4,558 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.  At December 31, 2021, the warranty reserve is $6,368 of which $2,723 is included in Other long term liabilities and $3,645 is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The following is a rollforward of the Company’s warranty liability: